Plastics can pollute the air, land and water during all stages of their life cycle from manufacture to disposal.

Applying biochar to soil has been shown to improve carbon sequestration and soil health, and remediate contaminated soil and water resources.

Phthalates (also known as phthalic acid esters, or PAEs) are used as plasticisers in many consumer products, such as plastics and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and as solvents in adhesives